![]() Sentence-ending In血isbook, 1 propose to c1arify the functions of a consider-Particles able number of partic1es, to describe their various usages, and,ĥ4. The rule of thumb 叩 ightbe: Japanese partic1es have virtual1y no meaning bereft of context. ![]() A phrase like おかoni (to Tokyo), for instance, wouldġ27 communicate something, but not ni by itself. Suraすら 127 But the addition of another word would make a world of differ-ĥ3. Thus, a statementġ26 consisting of a single partic1e wouldn't convey much meaning. Saeさえspeech and thereby places them in context. Yoriより 123 of independent meaning, which atlaches itself to other parts ofĥl. Toshiteとして 122 Index a non-conjugating part of speech, bearing an absolute minimum 146ĥ0. A partic1e, in fact, might be defined asĤ9. ![]() Dokoroどころ 121 ingless as isolated entities. Why are partic1es so elusive? Because partic1es are next to mean-48. Monokaものか 144 rect usage is essential to speaking Japanese wi出anydegree of ては(では) 119 69. They can't be looked up, pinned down, or pigeonholed in the same way that their fel10ws can. For some reason, though,出isdoesn'tĤ6~ Nariなり 117 67. Once you have a litt1e grammar under your belt, you can pick them up and squirrelĤ5. Monoもの 141 Japanese nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. 1い 140 Some things are easier to learn出叩 others.Take, for instance,Ĥ4. Published by Kodansha Intemationa1 Ltd., 17-14 Otowa 1-chome, Bunkyo・ku,Tokyo 112-8652, and Kodansha America, Inc. Previo凶 lypublished under the same title in the Power Japanese Series (1991).ĭistributed in the United States by Kodansha America, Inc., and in the United Kingdom and continental Europeby' Kodansha EuropeLtd. , 17-14 Otowa 1-chome , Bunkyo ・ ku , Tokyo 112 -8 652 , and Kodansha America , Inc. Pu blished by Kodansha Intemation a1 Ltd. , and in the United Ki ngdom and continental Europeb y' Kodansha EuropeLtd. Kara から 事、 s 11 , DistributedintheUnitedStatesbyKodansha Am erica , Inc. Ka か Previo 凶 lypublished under the same title in the Power Japanese Se ries (1 991). Demo でも Z げ IALLJrfp 川 dTT:J ・ 476 H 2 1.
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